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Data Structure in Python in hindi (Part -7)

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                                                Python Data Structure

A data structure is a collection of different forms and different types of data that has a set of specific operations that can be performed
Python mai data structure two categories mai divided hai pahla hai built in data structure (built in ka mtlb hai jo ki python ke undar hi hai hame inhe bahar se import krke lane ki koi jrurt nhi hai, aur dusra hai user defined data structure , is post mai hm python ke built in data structure ki baat krenge.
  
                                   


                                               Built-in Data Structure
  • Lists
  • Dictionary
  • Tuple
  • Set
1.Lists

List basically ek container hai jisme hm bahut saare object rakh skte hai , List mai hm textual data aur numerical data dono rakh skte hai, chaliye ise aur clear banate hai ek example ki madad se , es example ko samajhne ke liye apko kuch assumption krne padenge jaise ki hm numerical data ko tea cup manenge
aur textual data ko coffee cup
numerical data - tea cup 
textual data - coffee cup
to is hisab se list ho gyi tray of coffee cup and tea cup , to basically us tray ko hm list bol rahe hai.
Aur is list mai hm object nikal skte hai , object jod skte hai, yani ham us tray me aur coffee ya tea cup jod skte hai aur us tray se ham coffee ya tea cup nikal bhi skte hai.

"list mai jitne chahe utne tea cup , coffee cup ho skte hai aur nhi bhi ho skte hai"
" List ko square bracket ([]) mai likha jata hai"

chaliye ise aur clear banate hai...........

Syntax of list

L = []

Examples
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
grocery = ["harpic", "vim bar", "deodrant","bhindi","lollypop", 56]
print(grocery)

['harpic', 'vim bar', 'deodrant', 'bhindi', 'lollypop', 56]
# basically hamne grocery naam ki ek list banayi hai jisme numerical data aur textual data dono hai
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
print(type(grocery))
<class 'list'>
#ye hame bata rha hai ki grocery ek list type data structure hai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
print(grocery[1])
print(grocery[0])
print(grocery[5])

vim bar
harpic
56
#yaha hm list se value nikal rahe hai index number daalke , jaisa ki hm jante hai python follow zero based index system 
yani python mai counting zero se start hoti hai , to index number 1 mai vimbar hai, index number 2 mai harpic hai
index number 5 mai 56 hai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
grocery.append(8)
print(grocery)

['harpic', 'vim bar', 'deodrant', 'bhindi', 'lollypop', 56, 8]
#append mtlb end mai jod do , isliye hamne list mai sbse end mai 8 ko jod diya
#pr agar hame end mai nhi kisi dusri position mai koi value insert krni hai to kaise kr skte hai aayi dekhte hai
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
grocery.insert(2 , "rajma")
print(grocery)

['harpic', 'vim bar', 'rajma', 'deodrant', 'bhindi', 'lollypop', 56, 8]
#isme hm 2nd postion mai "rajma" jod rahe hai
#agar hme list se koi value nikalni hai to hm kya krenge aayie dekhte hai
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
grocery.remove("rajma")
print(grocery)

['harpic', 'vim bar', 'deodrant', 'bhindi', 'lollypop', 56, 8]
#remove function as a name suggest ye remove krte hai chijo ko 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Ek chiz mai apko bta ki list ek class hai aur us class ke undar append , insert , remove ye sb 
list class ke function hai"
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
numbers=[2,4,5,11,9]
print(numbers)
[2, 4, 5, 11, 9]
#Yaha hamne ek aur list li hai jiska naam numbers hai
----------------------------------------------------------------
numbers.sort()
print(numbers)
[2, 4, 5, 9, 11]

#yaha hamne sorting ki hai list mai sort function ka use krke , python mai sorting by default asscending order mai hoti hai
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
print(numbers[:])
[2, 4, 5, 9, 11]

#ye ek aur tarika hai list ko access krne ka
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
print(numbers[1:])    
[4, 5, 9, 11]
#basically hm bol rahe hai ki index no. 1 se lekar jitni bhi value hai list mai use print kra do 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
print(numbers[1:4])
[4, 5, 9 ]

#yaha hm bol rahe hai ki hame index no. 1 se lekar index number 4 tak value do
#pr yad rahe [1:4] mai 1 included rahega aur 4 excluded rahega yani hame sirf third position tak value milegi
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
print(len(numbers))
5
# ham dekh skte ki list mai 5 value hai , isliye is list ki length 5 aayi hai

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
print(max(numbers))
print(min(numbers))
11
2
# ye list ka max aur min number bata raha hai
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Tuple
Tuple list jaisa hi hai bs list aur tuple mai thoda difference hai list mutable hoti mtlb hm 
list ko change kr skte hai lekin Tuple immutable hota hai yani tuple ko change nhi karaya ja skta 
Tuple ko round bracket () ke andar likha jata hai
Syntax :
t =()
Examples:
---------------------------------------------------------------
tp=(1,2,6,7)
print(tp)
(1, 2, 6, 7)

#tp  ek tuple hai 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(thistuple)

('apple' , 'banana' ,  ' cherry' )
#ye ek aur tuple hai
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

print(thistuple[1])

banana

#isme hm list ki tarah value nikal skte ha
------------------------------------------------------------

3. Dictionary
 
Dictionary is a key value pair , agar saral shabdo mai kahe to python dictionary mai key hoti hai aur ussse associated value hoti hai. Dictionary sbse jada flexible built- in datatype hai python mai.
List mai hame agar koi value nikalni ya insert krna  hai to hame index number dena padta tha , lekin dictionary mai hame agar koi value nikalni hai ya insert krni hai to hame  key dena padta hai

Dictionary is nothing but key value pair
Python dictionary ko curly bracket se represent kiya jata hai
syntax

dict ={}

---------------------------------------------------------
dict = {'Coffee': 'Nescafe', 'Taj':'Tea', 'Tulasi':'Gree Tea'}
dict

{'Coffee': 'Nescafe', 'Taj': 'Tea', 'Tulasi': 'Gree Tea'}

#yaha hmne dictionary print krayi hai
# ap dekh skt hai ki coffee key hai aur Nescafe value hai, isi tarah taj key hai aur tea value hai
--------------------------------------------------------
dict['Coffee']

'Nescafe'

# hmne key dala to hame value mil gyi
# lekin list mai aisa nhi hota
---------------------------------------------------------
wtr1 = ['Coffee', 'Tea', 'Green Tea']
wtr1[0]

'Coffee'

#list mai hame index number daalna padta hai kisi value ko nikalne ke liye
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# another dictionary
wtr2 = {'Coffee': 'Nescafe', 'Brook Bond':'Tea', 'Taj':'Green Tea'}
wtr2

{'Coffee': 'Nescafe', 'Brook Bond': 'Tea', 'Taj': 'Green Tea'}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
wtr2['Coffee'] = 'Bru'
wtr2

{'Coffee': 'Bru', 'Brook Bond': 'Tea', 'Taj': 'Green Tea'}

#ap dekh skte ho ki hmne coffee ko nescafe se bru badal diya 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
wtr2['Coffee2'] = 'Frappes'
wtr2

{'Coffee': 'Bru',
 'Brook Bond': 'Tea',
 'Taj': 'Green Tea',
 'Coffee2': 'Frappes'}

#adding the key and value into the dictionary
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
del wtr2['Coffee2']
wtr2

{'Coffee': 'Bru',
 'Brook Bond': 'Tea',
 'Taj': 'Green Tea'
 }

#deleting an item in dictionary by using del keyword
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
wtr2.keys()

dict_keys(['Coffee', 'Brook Bond', 'Taj' ])

#it give all the key in the dictionary wtr2
--------------------------------------------------------------
wtr2.values()

dict_values(['Bru', 'Tea', 'Green Tea'])

#it give all the value in the dictionary wtr2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Sets

Sets basically unordered collection hota hai unique aur immutable object ka, more precisely set aur list mai ye difference hota hai ki sets mai ham sirf unique element daal skte hai lekin list mai hm duplicate element bhi daal skte hai.

Python mai sets ko hm curly braces ke andar likhte hai
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
d = ({1,2,3,4})
print(d)
output:
{1, 2, 3, 4}
#yaha hamne d naam ka ek set create kiya hai
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
print(type(d))
output:
<class 'set'>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
s = set()
print(type(s))
output:
<class 'set'>
#yaha hamne s naam ka ek khali set create kiya hai , ye set create krne ek aur tarika hai
--------------------------------------------------------------------
s.add(1)
s.add(1)
s.add(2)
print(s)
output:
{1, 2}
#jaisa ki maine btaya tha ki set mai hm sirf unique element hi add kr skte hai, to ap yaha
dekh skte hai ki hamne yaha 1 ko do baar add kiya hai lekin set mai ek hi baar aaya hai kyoki 
set mai duplicate allowed nhi hai.
Agar apne math mai sets ko kahi padha hai , to apko pta hoga hm sets mai 
kafi saare opreation kr skte hai jaise union , intersection, complement aur
bhi bahut kuch... , to aayiye kuch example ki madad se hm dekhte hai ki python ki madad se hm sets mai kaise operation kr skte hai

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
s1 =s.union({3,4,5,6})
print(s , s1)
output:
{1, 2} {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
#do sets ke element ko jodne ko hm union kahte hai , aur wahi hamne yaha kiya union keyword ki ma
madad se 
---------------------------------------------------------------
p =({12,13,14,15,16})
f = ({15,16,17})
d = p.intersection(f)
print(d)
output:
{16, 15}
#intersection mtlb common p aur f set mai 16 aur 15 element aise hai jo ki common hai
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Sets mai hm aur bhi function ka use kr skte hai unki list ye rahi

MethodDescription
add()Adds an element to the set
clear()Removes all the elements from the set
copy()Returns a copy of the set
difference()Returns a set containing the difference between two or more sets
difference_update()Removes the items in this set that are also included in another, specified set
discard()Remove the specified item
intersection()Returns a set, that is the intersection of two other sets
intersection_update()Removes the items in this set that are not present in other, specified set(s)
isdisjoint()Returns whether two sets have a intersection or not
issubset()Returns whether another set contains this set or not
issuperset()Returns whether this set contains another set or not
pop()Removes an element from the set
remove()Removes the specified element
symmetric_difference()Returns a set with the symmetric differences of two sets
symmetric_difference_update()inserts the symmetric differences from this set and another
union()Return a set containing the union of sets
update()Update the set with the union of this set and others

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